Besides that, the modelling and printing processes are very fast and easy, which allows the researchers to conduct many tests. 3D (three-dimen- sional) printing allows more control of the scaffold’s architecture, because the printed object is faithful to the developed model. Therefore, the size, design and interconnectivity of the pores are essential factors that need to be considered when fabricating a scaffold. Ī great variety of studies show that the cell-material interaction plays an important part on tissue engineering, helping the cells migrate, proliferate and differentiate. The solvent casting technique, for instance, depends on the shape of the mold, making it impossible to readjust the level of porosity and the size of the pores without making and using a new mold. Even though these techniques are largely applicable in the field, they can currently bring many disadvantages, including the use of toxic organic solvents, difficulty in removing residual solvent particles from the scaffolds matrix -, long manufacturing period, low reproducibility of the techniques and manufacturing of irregular pores and thin structures. The traditional methodology of scaffolds manufacturing includes techniques such as: solvent casting -, porogen leaching, gas foaming, lyophilization, and electro and wet spinning or a combination of these techniques. For that reason, scaffolds are frequently used in tissue engineering with the intention of assisting the regeneration of a damaged tissue, and a major application in bone regeneration. Scaffolds are three-dimensional biocompatible structures that can mimic the properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a given tissue, like mechanical support and bioactivity, which provides a platform for cellular adherence, proliferation and differentiation. Received 18 July 2016 accepted 28 August 2016 published 31 August 2016
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